Problems
Directions: Complete the problems below. Consult the Answer Key below for answers once you finish. Review the Instruction material which relates to any questions you do not get correct.
1. A correlation coefficient of +0.92 means that as one variable increases, the other variable:
a. increases.
b. decreases.
c. is not affected.
d. is impossible to predict.
2. If a participant in an experiment believed that she was expected to act in a certain way, and therefore did not act completely honestly or naturally, her behavior would fit the definition of:
a. experimenter bias.
b. control.
c. demand characteristics.
d. subjective behavior.
3. After a Psychologist has stated the specific problem to be studied in an experiment, he/she must then develop a(n):
1. theory.
2. conclusion.
3. hypothesis.
4. summary of the data.
4. Which of the following would allow me to have the MOST control over environmental variables when conducting a research study?
. true experimental design.
a. quasi-experimental design.
b. survey.
c. case study.
5. If you have limited knowledge but ambitious interest in a particular research area, the best way to start your literature review is by learning more about the subject via consultation of:
0. psychological abstracts.
1. encyclopedias, textbooks, and literature reviews.
2. the most recent issues of several research journals in the area.
c. the Internet and the Intranet (if available) at your university.
d. Dissertation abstracts international.
6. You wish to determine the effects of swimming in lakes on the self-esteem of adolescent girls. They are randomly assigned to either a swimming or a control group. The fact that you are interested in the effects of the treatment on urban school-girls only requires that you:
. randomize your participants.
a. use delimitation in your experimental design.
b. operationally define your participants.
c. use several basic assumptions.
d. none of the above.
7. You find small differences between the "earth knowledge" test scores of ETs from planet Xara009 and Pentabold05. Assuming that you have tested at leas 1000 ETs from both planets, it is likely that the differences:
. are statistically significant but have little meaningfulness.
a. are statistically significant and very meaningful.
b. are not significant statistically but are very meaningful.
c. are neither significant statistically nor meaningful.
d. reflect that the two civilizations are equally old.
8. A common error in the literature review part of dissertations is:
. synthesizing and evaluating the findings of previous research.
a. sing an article-by-article presentation of previous research.
b. presenting each study in the same way (template format).
c. using significant number of quotations.
d. all of the above, except a.
9. You are asked tom evaluate the Method section of a research article. The most important question that you should keep in mind is:
. Did the author(s) clearly state the problem?
a. Did the author(s) obtain consent for participation from human participants?
b. Did the author(s) provide enough information that the study could be replicated?
c. Were the statistical data, including means, tabulated in proper format?
d. Were the equipments' model and serial number stated?
10. People who volunteer for research participation are comparable to...
. other volunteers from the same or similar population.
a. randomly selected participants from the same population.
b. paid participants from a comparable or similar population.
c. paid volunteers from any population.
d. all ETs from planet Pentabold05.
11. For psychological reports in the Instruments part of the Materials section, the author(s) should include a description of the:
. test characteristics of validity and reliability.
a. experimental treatment under which the instruments were used.
b. statistics that were used for the analysis of data gathered with the instruments.
c. the characteristics of the participants who completed the instruments.
d. the development process and utilization history of the instruments.
12. When an ET scientist contacts every 50th person, who logs on to a Pentabolb05 controlled Internet server, to ask what s/he thinks about ETs living on Pentabold05, the method of sampling used by the ET researcher is:
. chaotic.
a. systematic.
b. random.
c. stratified.
d. cluster.
13. If an ET researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there really is a difference, this is an example of a:
. one-tailed test.
a. two-tailed test.
b. type I error.
c. type II error.
d. lack of statistical power.
14. In a research report you read: "The responses to this questionnaire may be different in group settings in contrast to individual sports." This phrase is an example of:
. basic assumption.
a. delimitation.
b. limitation.
c. operational definition.
d. all of the above, excepted.
15. Predicting that the IQ test of ETs on various planets will be directly related to their existence history is:
. limitation.
a. operationalization.
b. null hypothesis.
c. research hypothesis.
d. basic assumption.
1.
a
a
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. b
7. a
8. e
9. c
10. a
11. a
12. b
13. d
14. c
15. d
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